Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is lung inflammation caused by infectious agents other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Symptoms of pneumonia include productive cough, fever with temperature ≥38 ° C, breathlessness, pleural pain, and other systemic symptoms. Physical examination findings include decreased consciousness, dull chest percussion, additional breathing sounds (crackles, rhonchi), and hypothermia (temperature of ≤37 ° C). Other clinical findings include systolic blood pressure ≤100 mmHg, blood urea levels ≥20 mg/dL, leukocyte count ≤4,000 or ≥10,000, and arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) ≤50 mmHg.
Pneumonia severity score (PSI) and CURB-65 scores determine the clinical decision for outpatient, inpatient, and intensive care indications for CAP, along with the assessment of risk factors for multi-drug resistant (MDR). The therapy duration and switching therapy for CAP are determined based on the causative bacteria and the outcome of the patient after antibiotics administration.
Below is the teaching slide of CAP, as presented at the Jakarta Respiratory Clinical Update (JRCU) 2018 from the Indonesian Society of Respirology (ISR) Jakarta Chapter. Note that the slides are in Bahasa Indonesia.
“Pneumonia Komunitas: Bagaimana Diagnostik & Pilihan Terapi Terbaik?” slide presentation by Irandi Putra Pratomo, M.D., Ph.D. at JRCU 2018
Related Readings:
- Pneumonia Komunitas. Pedoman Diagnosis & Penatalaksanaan di Indonesia (Edisi II). 2014;PDPI
- Pedoman Umum Kesiapsiagaan Menghadapi Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-corona Virus (MERS-CoV). Kemenkes RI – WHO. 2013
- Pedoman Umum Pengendalian Penyakit Avian Influenza dan Program Penanganannya. Komnas FBPI – Kemenkokesra RI. 2009